The resignation of the DG of the Archaeology Department brings a bittersweet relief. After 75 long years, a Sri Lankan head of state has finally acknowledged the existence of Tamil Buddhist sites in the country, a historical fact that should have been recognized earlier. However, there is still so much more that needs to be addressed. In present-day Sri Lanka, archaeology predominantly serves the interests of contemporary Sinhala Buddhist nationalism. Archaeological research must avoid using modern ethnic labels imposed by European colonialism to describe events of the past, as it distorts historical accuracy.
The conflict surrounding the discovery of Buddhist sites in the North and East of Sri Lanka stems from the attempt to intertwine religion and ethnicity as inseparable. The presence of Buddhist archaeological sites in the regions where Tamils reside today does not automatically prove the presence of Sinhalese in the past. Unfortunately, many Sinhala-Buddhists maintain the belief that Buddhism in Sri Lanka is exclusively for the Sinhalese, refusing to accept that Tamils were also Buddhists in ancient times because the majority of Tamils now identify as Hindu or Christian.
The past is not a singular entity; it comprises diverse narratives within an archaeological site. However, the work carried out by the Archaeological Department in Sri Lanka predominantly seeks to construct an imagined Sinhala-Buddhist past, neglecting the changes in identities that have occurred over centuries due to political, economic, cultural, and ecological factors. This narrow view of associating a specific site with a particular community in a timeless manner is not an act of scholarship but rather a manifestation of racism.
The modern scientific investigation of archaeological sites in Sri Lanka can be traced back to the British colonial era. The study of the island's historical sites was not solely driven by the pursuit of knowledge; rather, it served as a means of exerting control over the present through understanding the past. Regrettably, the Sri Lankan state continues to employ similar tactics today. A mere glimpse at the Department of Archaeology's emblem reveals the type of historical site that receives state support, often at the expense of other archaeological sites. This prioritization reinforces a Sinhala-Buddhist narrative of Sri Lankan history.
Under the guise of archaeology, minority communities are being deprived of their cultural and religious spaces, as well as their livelihoods. This blatant discrimination is nothing short of racism. The centralized and militarized approach to archaeological work in the country must come to an end. The Archaeology Department has perpetuated and enabled Sinhalization for decades, with racism and disregard for the law deeply ingrained in its institution, processes, and practices. The actions of the Director align with the organization's ethos and practices, emphasizing the need for institutional reform.
The Archaeology Department collaborates with the Wildlife Department and Forests Department to seize private lands in the North and East, as well as lands historically used by local communities for agriculture. It is crucial to move beyond the grandstanding of presidents and sporadic orders for release, towards comprehensive institutional reform. Presidents may change, but the system and institution remain constant.
We can only hope that the forthcoming national plan for archaeology conservation and restoration, which the President has assured, will finally address these long-standing issues. Unfortunately, certain individuals on social media continue to make baseless claims, suggesting that Ranil intentionally undermines the Buddhist heritage in Sri Lanka to appease Tamils. Such racist and misguided sentiments exemplify the challenges faced by Sri Lanka as a whole.
While I acknowledge Ranil's efforts in this matter, they lack effectiveness without comprehensive systemic and constitutional changes in the governance of the country. These decisions are transient, much like certain positive steps taken for reconciliation between 2015 and 2019 that were later reversed by subsequent leaders. Even if Ranil were to halt land grabbing today, there is a risk that another president, capitalizing on Sinhala Buddhist support, might reintroduce such practices tomorrow, discrediting Ranil's actions as mere attempts to gain Tamil votes.
That is why it is crucial to implement comprehensive systemic and constitutional changes in the governance of the country. Merely addressing isolated issues or relying on the actions of individual leaders will not suffice. To truly bring about lasting change, the entire system needs to undergo reform. Without such fundamental changes, the cycle of discrimination and marginalization will persist, undermining any progress made in the name of reconciliation.
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